Topic: The Effect of Lifestyle on Non-communicable Diseases

Part 1 - Keywords:

1. Risk factors

2. Lifestyle

3. Causal mechanism

4. Cardiovascular disease

5. Obesity

6. Type 2 diabetes

7. Alcohol

8. Smoking

9. Lung disease

10. Lung cancer

11. Carcinogens

12. Ionising radiation

13. Unborn babies

Part 2 - Key Facts:

• Risk factors linked to an increased rate of disease can be aspects of a person’s lifestyle or substances in the person’s body or environment.

• Some risk factors have a proven causal mechanism, while others do not.

• Examples of lifestyle factors affecting diseases include diet, smoking, exercise, obesity, and alcohol consumption.

• Smoking and alcohol consumption have adverse effects on lung health, liver function, and unborn babies.

• Carcinogens, including ionising radiation, are risk factors for cancer.

• Many diseases result from the interaction of multiple factors.

Part 3 - Quick Quiz:

1. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

   a) Smoking

   b) Regular exercise

   c) High cholesterol diet

   Answer: b) Regular exercise

2. Obesity is a risk factor for which type of diabetes?

   a) Type 1

   b) Type 2

   c) Gestational

   Answer: b) Type 2

3. What substance is commonly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer?

   a) Alcohol

   b) Nicotine

   c) Caffeine

   Answer: b) Nicotine

Part 4 - Going Further: Explain how each of the following lifestyle factors contributes to the development of non-communicable diseases: smoking, alcohol consumption, poor diet, lack of exercise, and exposure to carcinogens. Discuss the importance of preventive measures in reducing the risk of these diseases.

Part 5 - Revision Tips: When studying the effects of lifestyle on diseases, create flashcards with key risk factors on one side and the associated diseases on the other. This will help reinforce your understanding and aid in memorisation.

Part 6 - More Help: 

See you next time for more GCSE Science notes and quizzes.